During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post.
He became a United States citizen in and retired from his post in Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them.
He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance. The second hypothesis stated that the speed of light was a constant. Later that year Einstein also showed how mass and energy were equivalent.
Following an impressive few years of work, Einstein became a lecturer at the University of Bern. In he finally got a post at a university when he became a faculty member at the University of Zurich. The following year he returned to Germany to continue his work. In Einstein published his general theory of relativity. This theory linked gravitation , acceleration and the four dimensional space-time. With this theory he was able to account for the variations in the orbital motions of the planets.
He also predicted that starlight in the vicinity of a massive object such as the Sun could be bent. This was confirmed in during a solar eclipse. This further increased the adulation with which the press viewed Einstein. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in for his work on the photoelectric effect.
This work proposed that light be considered as consisting of particles called photons. Einstein further proposed that the energy the photon contains is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. Einstein was not only a scientist, but also a social activist and a humanitarian. He spoke out against the German involvement in World War I.
He became an American citizen in In , despite his lifelong pacifist beliefs, he agreed to write to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on behalf of a group of scientists who were concerned with American inaction in the field of atomic-weapons research. Like the other scientists, he feared sole German possession of such a weapon. He played no role, however, in the subsequent Manhattan Project and later deplored the use of atomic bombs against Japan.
After the war, he called for the establishment of a world government that would control nuclear technology and prevent future armed conflict. In , he published his unified field theory, which was quietly criticized as a failure. A unified explanation of gravitation, subatomic phenomena, and electromagnetism remains elusive today. Albert Einstein, one of the most creative minds in human history, died in Princeton in But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!
His first application was turned down in by the university of Bern. In early , however, he was successful and at the end of the same year he gave his first lecture. Einstein had decided that he wanted to devote his time entirely to science; hence, he gave up his position at the patent-office in October and in the same month he started to work as "Ausserordentlicher Professor" adjunct professor of theoretical physics at the university of Zurich.
In Einstein was offered a chair at the German university in Prague which he took on. However, already one year thereafter he returned to Switzerland after having been offered a professorial position at the ETH. Impressed by Einstein's achievements, Max Planck and the physical chemist Walther Nernst attempted to lure the young Einstein to Berlin, then stronghold of natural sciences.
They wanted to make him a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, offer him a professorial position without teaching responsibilities at Berlin university and make him the head of the - still to be founded - Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute of Physics.
For Einstein this offer was so tempting that he accepted and in April moved to Berlin with his family. On July 2nd, , he gave his inaugural lecture at the Prussian Academy. Contrary to his professional advance, Einstein's marriage did not go well. In consequence, already in July his wife and children returned to Zurich.
As Einstein was not willing to keep up his marriage with Mileva they became divorced in February From on Einstein became sick, suffering from various diseases resulting in a general weakness which lasted until Throughout this time he was under the loving care of his cousin Elsa Loewenthal. They fell in love with each other and on June 2nd, , he married Elsa who had already two daughters, Ilse and Margot, from her first marriage.
The couple then moved to Haberlandstrasse 5 in Berlin. Apart from all his work Einstein still found time for playing music. Since his youth he played the violin and later he frequently was seen on the street carrying his violin case. He was an admirer of Bach and Mozart and, through continuous practice, he became a good violinist.
Apart from his love for music he was a devoted sailor. Doing this just for fun, here did he find the time to think about problems of physics. The results of his efforts were published in March in the paper "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity".
This theory investigates coordination systems which experience acceleration relative to each other and also the influence of gravitational fields to time and space.
Whereas the Special Theory of Relativity was still intelligible to the layman, this did not apply to the General Theory of Relativity. Moreover, due to the relatively small relativistic effects, this theory was difficult to verify experimentally. Einstein - or his General Theory of Relativity - predicted the perihelion motion of mercury, the gravitational red shift as well as the deflection of light in a gravitational field.
He was convinced that light deflection by the gravitational field of the sun could be observed during a total solar eclipse. After several failed observations of total solar eclipses proof came in On May 29 of that year the English astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington confirmed Einstein's prediction of light deflection when he observed a total solar eclipse on the volcanic island of Principe in the Gulf of Guinea in western Africa.
A second expedition, led by Andrew Crommelin, observed this eclipse in Sobral, Brazil. A few days later, on September 27, Albert Einstein wrote a postcard to his mother: "… Joyous news today. Lorentz telegraphed that the English expeditions have actually measured the deflection of starlight from the sun.
0コメント