After 'Umar's demise, the members of the Council assembled. Abu Talha al-Ansari stayed at the door of the house to prevent others from going to the assembly.
It is said that 'Amr b. Shu'ba sat near the door of the house outside, but Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas told them: "you are sitting here so that you can later claim that you were members of the Council and were present there!
This story reveals aspects of Sa'd's character as well as the importance of the Council. According to al-Nuwayri in Nihayat al-irab , Imam 'Ali a met Sa'd during the Council, and told him: "I swear to my son's relation to the Prophet s and the relation of my uncle, Hamza b.
He did not intervene much in the event of 'Uthman's murder, though it is said that he was prepared to rise in defense of 'Uthman. He later said that he was neutral in the story of 'Uthman. In the public allegiance to Imam 'Ali a , Sa'd was asked to pledge his allegiance to Imam 'Ali a , but he said to Imam a : "I will not pledge my allegiance to you before all people do so; I swear to God that I will not cause any troubles".
And Imam 'Ali a let him go. In one of his sermons, Imam 'Ali a refers to some people who did not pledge their allegiance to him, and said: "I heard news from Ibn 'Umar , Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, and Muhammad b. Maslama that I do not like, and God will adjudicate the affairs between me and them.
On some accounts, Sa'd later pledged his allegiance to Imam 'Ali a , though since he did not attend the battles of Imam a , it was widely thought that he never did so. Sa'd gave different reasons for his refusing to assist Imam 'Ali: sometimes he took himself to more competent for the position of the caliphate than anyone else, and sometimes he pointed out to, and bragged about, his records of jihad claiming that he no longer attends battles only because the right and the wrong fronts are not distinct: "give me a sword that can distinguish between believers and unbelievers!
Al-Shaykh al-Mufid takes the reason why Sa'd did not help Imam 'Ali a to be his jealousy: "since the time when 'Umar b.
When Imam 'Ali a was asked about people who did not pledge their allegiance to him, did not help him and did not go to battles with him, he replied: "these are people who spoiled the right path and did not promote the wrong path either". Sa'd was well aware of Imam 'Ali a 's virtues, and this is manifest in some of his remarks. For example, when he met Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan during hajj rituals after his caliphate, Mu'awiya cursed Imam 'Ali a. Sa'd said: "I swear to God that I prefer one of 'Ali a 's virtues to the kingdom of the whole world".
He also narrated hadiths with respect to Imam 'Ali a 's virtues. Sa'd believed that Mu'awiya seized the position of caliphate with coercion, thus he refused to call him Amir al-Mu'minin and called him instead the King. When Mu'awiya objected to him, he said: "you would be our Amir had we elected you as our Amir, but you just jumped into this position".
However, Sa'd and people like him had already paved the ground for the rule of Mu'awiya by refusing to help Imam 'Ali a. After the Battle of Jamal , Mu'awiya wrote a letter to Sa'd: "the most important people for the avenge of 'Uthman among the Quraysh are those who were in the Council, since they proved his right and favored him over others as the caliph. Both Talha b.
So do not avert what other people have favored, and do not reject what they have accepted. We will leave the caliphate to the council of Muslims". Sa'd replied to the letter as follows: "whoever 'Umar appointed as a member of the Council was competent for the position of caliphate, and none of us were preferable to others except by our own consensus. She came up to me and said:. What is this religion that you have embraced which has taken you away from the religion of your mother and father?
By God, either you forsake your new religion or I would not eat or drink until I die. Your heart would be broken with grief for me and remorse would consume you on account of the deed which you have done and people would censure you forever more. However, she went on with her threat For days she neither ate nor drank. She became emaciated and weak. Hour after hour, I went to her asking whether I should bring her some food or something to drink but she persistently refused, insisting that she would neither eat nor drink until she died or I abandoned my religion.
I said to her:. In spite of my strong love for you, my love for God and His Messenger is indeed stronger.
By God, if you had a thousand souls and one soul after another were to depart, I would not abandon this my religion for anything. It was concerning Sad's relationship with his mother and her attempt to force him to recant his faith that the words of the Quran were revealed: "And we enjoined on man to be good to his parents.
In pain upon pain did his mother bear him and his weaning took two years. So show gratitude to Me and to your parents. To Me is the final destiny.
Yet bear them company in this life with justice and consideration and follow the way of those who turn to Me. In the end, the return of you all is to Me and I shall tell you the truth and meaning of all that you used to do.
In these early days of Islam, the Muslims were careful not to arouse the sensibilities of the Quraysh. They would often go out together in groups to the glens outside Makkah where they could pray together without being seen. But one day a number of idolaters came upon them while they were praying and rudely interrupted them with ridicule.
The Muslims felt they could not suffer these indignities passively and they came to blows with the idolaters. Sad ibn Abi Waqqas struck one of the disbelievers with the jawbone of a camel and wounded him. This was the first blood shed in the conflict between Islam and kufr - a conflict that was later to escalate and test the patience and courage of the Muslims. After the incident, however, the Prophet enjoined his companions to be patient and forbearing for this was the command of God: "And bear with patience what they say and avoid them with noble dignity.
And leave Me alone to deal with those who give the lie to the Truth, those who enjoy the blessings of life without any thought of God and bear with them for a little while. More than a decade later when permission was given for the Muslims to fight.
Sad ibn Abi Waqqas was to play a distinguished role in many of the engagements that took place both during the time of the Prophet and after. He fought at Badr together with his young brother Umayr who had cried to be allowed to accompany the Muslim army for he was only in his early teens. Sad returned to Madinah alone for Umayr was one of the fourteen Muslim martyrs who fell in the battle. At the Battle of Uhud, Sad was specially chosen as one of the best archers together with Zayd, Saib the son of Uthman ibn Mazun and others.
Sad was one of those who fought vigorously in defence of the Prophet after some Muslims had deserted their positions. To urge him on, the Prophet, peace be on him, said: "Irmi Sad Fidaaka Abi wa Ummi " Shoot, Sad Of this occasion, Ali ibn Abi Talib said that he had not yet heard the Prophet, peace be on him, promising such a ransom to anyone except Sad. Sad is also known as the first companion to have shot an arrow in defence of Islam.
And the Prophet once prayed for him:. Just as he was known for his bravery, so he was known for his generosity. During the Farewell Pilgrimage with the Prophet, he fell ill. The Prophet came to visit him and Sad said:. I have wealth and I only have one daughter to inherit from me. Shall I give two thirds of my wealth as sadaqah? Indeed to leave your heirs well-off' is better than that you should leave them dependent on and to beg from people. For, the way to salvation is there.
Your duty is hard. Nothing but honesty can save you. Make yourself and the people under your command accustomed to doing good deeds. Start everything with a good deed. Everything that becomes a custom has a beginning. Be careful. Patience is the beginning of all good deeds. Do not abandon patience when some troubles and misfortunes hit you. Patience teaches you to fear Allah.
Fear of Allah is mainly in two things: Obeying Allah and avoiding sins. A person who obeys Allah by ignoring the ephemeral face of the world and by desiring the hereafter obeys Allah truly. Hearts are treasures of truths. After listening to the valuable advice of Hz. Umar, Hz. Sa'd set off. After a tiring journey, they arrived in Iran.
To this end, he formed a committee consisting of Arab tribe chiefs and some notables and sent them to the Shah of Iran. At that time, the capital city of Sasanids was Madayin.
The people were waiting on the road to see them. The appearance of the members of the delegation was modest. They did not have weapons and their horses did not have saddles. However, the nobility and majesty given by Islam were visible on their faces. They proceeded with a dignified attitude and a brave manner on the Iranian land.
Their horses tromped the Sasanid land. Yazdegerd, the Shah of Iran, heard the footsteps of the horses and asked the people around him about the reason for this noise.
They told him that a delegation of Muslims had arrived. The Shah, who gave great importance to show-off and ostentation, ordered his men to decorate and embellish the palace.
The palace was decorated soon. After the decoration was completed, the Islamic delegation was accepted. Without paying attention to the decorations and ostentation, the Islamic delegation entered the palace with their large gowns, turbans around their heads, whips in their hands and wearing boots. Yazdegerd was surprised when he saw the Islamic delegation in plain clothes; he was astonished when he saw their harsh attitudes and grim acts. Iranians used to interpret everything.
They sought luck or ominousness behind everything. Yazdegerd, asked the delegation some questions:. He received the answer "burd" from the delegation. As soon as the Shah heard it, he said, "Chehan burd. Then, he pointed to the whip in the hands of the Muslims and asked:. He received the answer "Sawt". Yazdegerd interpreted a different meaning from it. He understood "sawt" as "suht". He said, "Pars suht". It meant, "They set Iran on fire. The people around the Shah got tired of these bad interpretations and ominous meanings.
However, they could not dare to object to the Shah. Then, Yazdegerd asked the delegation why they had come. Numan bin Muqarrin, the head of the delegation told him about the principles of Islam first. Then, he said, "We ask you to become Muslims. If you do not accept Islam, we offer you two things: You will either pay jizyah or agree to fight us. Yazdegerd, who did not accept peace and Islam, started to talk conceitedly and boastfully:.
When there was mutiny among you, we used to send our governors near you and they would make you obey. How come you make us this offer? The delegation listened to the Shah's conceited words calmly. Then, Mughira bin Zarara came forward and made the following concise speech pointing to his friends:. They told you what was necessary but there are a few more things that need to be uttered. I will tell you about them. It is true that we used to be poor and in the wrong way.
We used to fight one another. We used to bury our daughters alive. Eventually, Allah Almighty sent us a prophet. We objected to him first and refused him. In the end, he became victorious. He did everything in accordance with the order of Allah. He ordered us to inform people all over the world about this religion. He told us to treat those who became Muslims as if they were our brothers. He advised us to regard those who reject Islam but accept to pay jizyah as people of dhimmah. The sword will be decisive between us and those who do not accept any of these offers.
When the basket was brought, he asked who the most prestigious person in the delegation was. They showed Asim bin Amr. The people of the palace put the basket full of soil on the head of Asim as a sign of insult. I congratulate you on your victory. The enemy surrendered their land to us.
The conceited Shah chose war. It became necessary to put the Shah in his place. He summoned all of the commanders at once and consulted them. Then, he ordered the hafizes to read the chapter of al-Anfal, which is about jihad. In spite of my strong love for you, my love for Allah and His Messenger is indeed stronger.
By Allah, if you had a thousand souls and each one depart one after another, I would not abandon this religion for anything. This was referenced in the Quranic verse In , the Muslims were on their way to the hills of Mecca to offer prayer with the prophet Muhammad, when a group of polytheists observed them.
They began to abuse and fight them. He fought at the battle of Badr with his young brother Umayr. Being only in his early teens, Umayr was denied access to battle, but after struggling and crying, he was later given permission by the Prophet to fight in battle. Prophet Muhammad honoured him by declaring him one of the best archers of that time. During the battle, the Prophet gathered some arrows for him. He fell ill during the Farewell Pilgrimage , and he had only a daughter during this period.
Sa'ad said:. Shall I give two thirds of my wealth as Sadaqah? Indeed to leave your heirs well-off is better than that you should leave them dependent on and to beg from people. If you spend anything seeking to gain thereby the pleasure of Allah, you will be rewarded for it even if it is a morsel which you place in your wife's mouth.
He was later appointed governor of Kufa and Nejd during the caliphate of Umar.
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